Shopper research :

Observation, accompanied shopping, shop-along

A special form of ethnographic research

Depending on the interaction between shopper and researcher, we distinguish between different types of participatory or non-participatory observation through to accompaniment. Overt observation means that participants are aware that their behaviour is being studied. Here, the spectrum ranges from pure observation to accompanied shopping, where participants share their thoughts with the researcher by thinking aloud.
In contrast, covert observation occurs when participants are unaware that they are being observed. Both approaches have pros and cons. Shoppers may feel disturbed by the observation, so that their behaviour deviates strongly from their natural behaviour. Since observation requires the retailer's permission, which is not always available, covert observation is sometimes the only way to observe behaviour at the POS.

Immersion in the real purchase processes at the POS

Trained interviewers record all their sensory impressions (what do they see, hear, smell, feel), as well as shoppers’ observable, uninfluenced behaviour when we want to gain insight into their needs and decision-making behaviour at the POS: What generates stopping power? How long do shoppers spend at the POS before making a decision? How do they navigate around the POS? What routes do they take? What behaviour can be observed? Which products & packs do they touch/take off the shelf and how do they interact with them? 

By physically following the consumer as they navigate the store, browse, and pick products off the shelf (if any!), we learn how closely they view and interact with your category at the POS. For online shopping, we observe the purchase process live via screen sharing. 

Integration into the research process

Observation, accompanied shopping as well as shop-along alone are usually not enough to explain shoppers’ behaviour, they are only one piece of the puzzle and should be combined with other narrative, exploratory methods. In any case, observations do sharpen our vision and sensitise researchers before moving on to individual interviews or group discussions, as they allow us to capture unconscious behaviour that participants would not recall in a conversation.

For example, looking at the cosmetics department in drugstores, we found out that the average time spent in this category is significantly longer than in other major drugstore categories. In addition, many shoppers who spend time in the cosmetics department of a drugstore take their time to compare and select products, while a smaller proportion of shoppers make their purchases quickly and routinely. In the subsequent survey, we then worked out how the department should be designed in order to invite people to linger and try things out.

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